Not to be confused with Chengde or Chengyu.
Prefecture-level & Sub-provincial city in Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Chengdu
成都市
Chengtu, Ch'eng-tu |
---|
Prefecture-level & Sub-provincial city |
From top, left to right: Jinjiang district skyline, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Tianfu Square, Taikoo Li, Chengdu IFS [zh], Jinli, Anshun Bridge |
|
Nicknames: Hibiscus City, Brocade City, Turtle City, Cheng'msterdam[1] |
|
Location of Chengdu City jurisdiction in Sichuan |
Location of the city center in Sichuan Show map of SichuanChengdu (China) Show map of China |
Coordinates (Tianfu Square): 30°39′25″N 104°03′58″E / 30.657°N 104.066°E / 30.657; 104.066Coordinates: 30°39′25″N 104°03′58″E / 30.657°N 104.066°E / 30.657; 104.066 |
Country | People's Republic of China |
---|
Province | Sichuan |
---|
Municipal seat | Wuhou District |
---|
Divisions - County-level | 10 districts, 5 county-level cities, 5 counties |
---|
Government |
---|
• Type | Sub-provincial city |
---|
• CPC Party Chief | Fan Ruiping |
---|
• Mayor | Luo Qiang |
---|
Area |
---|
• Prefecture-level & Sub-provincial city | 14,378.18 km2 (5,551.45 sq mi) |
---|
• Urban [4] | 885.61 km2 (341.94 sq mi) |
---|
• Metro | 4,558.4 km2 (1,760.0 sq mi) |
---|
• Downtown | 465.88 km2 (179.88 sq mi) |
---|
Elevation | 500 m (1,600 ft) |
---|
Highest elevation | 5,364 m (17,598 ft) |
---|
Lowest elevation | 378 m (1,240 ft) |
---|
Population (2019) |
---|
• Prefecture-level & Sub-provincial city | 16,330,000[2] |
---|
• Urban [5] | 11,241,000 |
---|
• Urban density | 13,000/km2 (33,000/sq mi) |
---|
• Metro | 18.1 million[3] |
---|
• Major Ethnic group | Han |
---|
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
---|
Postal code | 610000–611944 |
---|
Area code(s) | (0)28 |
---|
ISO 3166 code | CN-SC-01 |
---|
GDP (2020) | ¥1.7716 trillion $273.8 billion[6] |
---|
GDP Per Capita (2020) | ¥106,850 $16,515[7] |
---|
License Plate Prefix | 川A and 川G |
---|
Tree | Ginkgo biloba |
---|
Flower | Hibiscus mutabilis |
---|
HDI (2015) | 0.791[8] (21st) – high |
---|
Website | www.chengdu.gov.cn |
---|
Chengdu |
---|
|
"Chéngdū" in Chinese characters |
Chinese | 成都 |
---|
|
Hanyu Pinyin | Chéngdū |
---|
Cen2du1 (Sichuanese Pinyin) [tsʰən˨˩tu˥] |
|
Postal | Chengtu |
---|
Literal meaning | "Become a Capital" or "Established Capital" |
---|
Transcriptions |
---|
Standard Mandarin |
---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Chéngdū |
---|
Bopomofo | ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ |
---|
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Cherngdu |
---|
Wade–Giles | Chʻêng2-tu1 |
---|
IPA | [ʈʂʰə̌ŋ.tú] (listen) |
---|
other Mandarin |
---|
Sichuanese Pinyin | Cen2du1 (Sichuanese Pinyin) [tsʰən˨˩tu˥] |
---|
Wu |
---|
Suzhounese | Zén-tou |
---|
Yue: Cantonese |
---|
Yale Romanization | Sìhng-dōu |
---|
Jyutping | Sing4dou1 |
---|
IPA | [sȅŋ.tóu] |
---|
Southern Min |
---|
Hokkien POJ | Sêng-to |
---|
|
|
Former name |
---|
|
Xījīng |
---|
Chinese | 西京 |
---|
Literal meaning | Western Capital |
---|
Transcriptions |
---|
Standard Mandarin |
---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Xījīng |
---|
Bopomofo | ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧㄥ |
---|
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Shijing |
---|
Wade–Giles | Hsi1-ching1 |
---|
Yale Romanization | Syījīng |
---|
|
|
Nicknames |
---|
|
City of the Turtle |
---|
Traditional Chinese | 龜城 |
---|
Simplified Chinese | 龟城 |
---|
Literal meaning | Turtle City |
---|
Transcriptions |
---|
Standard Mandarin |
---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Guīchéng |
---|
Bopomofo | ㄍㄨㄟ ㄔㄥˊ |
---|
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Gueicherng |
---|
Wade–Giles | Kuei1-ch‘êng2 |
---|
|
City of the Brocade Official |
---|
Traditional Chinese | 錦官城 |
---|
Simplified Chinese | 锦官城 |
---|
Literal meaning | The Brocade Official City |
---|
Transcriptions |
---|
Standard Mandarin |
---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Jǐnguānchéng |
---|
Bopomofo | ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄔㄥˊ |
---|
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Jiinguancherng |
---|
Wade–Giles | Chin3-kuan1-ch‘êng2 |
---|
|
City of Brocade |
---|
Traditional Chinese | 錦城 |
---|
Simplified Chinese | 锦城 |
---|
Literal meaning | Brocade City |
---|
Transcriptions |
---|
Standard Mandarin |
---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Jǐnchéng |
---|
Bopomofo | ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄔㄥˊ |
---|
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Jiincherng |
---|
Wade–Giles | Chin3-ch‘êng2 |
---|
|
City of Hibiscus |
---|
Chinese | 蓉城 |
---|
Literal meaning | Hibiscus City |
---|
Transcriptions |
---|
Standard Mandarin |
---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Róngchéng |
---|
Bopomofo | ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ |
---|
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Rongcherng |
---|
Wade–Giles | Jung2-ch‘êng2 |
---|
|
|
Chengdu (Sichuanese pronunciation: [tsʰən˨˩tu˥], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂʰə̌ŋ.tú] (listen), UK: /ˌtʃɛŋˈduː/, US: /ˌtʃʌŋ-/[9]), alternatively romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. It is one of the three most-populous cities in Western China, the other two being Chongqing and Xi'an. As of 2014[update], the administrative area housed 14,427,500 inhabitants, the largest in Sichuan, with an urban population of 10,152,632. At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the fifth-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City. Chengdu is considered a World City with a "Beta +" altification (together with Barcelona and Washington, D.C.) according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[10] In 2020, Chengdu ranked 43rd in the Global Financial Centres Index.[11]
Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the "Country of Heaven" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the "Land of Abundance". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city.
Founded by the state of Shu prior to its incorporation into China, Chengdu is unique as a major Chinese settlement that has maintained its name mostly unchanged throughout the imperial, regressive, and communist eras. It was the capital of Liu Bei's Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Era, as well as several other local kingdoms during the Middle Ages.[12] During World War II, refugees from eastern China fleeing from the Japanese settled in Chengdu. After the war, Chengdu's importance as a link between Eastern and Western China expanded, with railways built to Chongqing in 1952, and Kunming and Tibet afterwards.[12] In the 1960s, Chengdu became an important centre of China's national defense industry.
Chengdu is now one of the most important economic, financial, commercial, cultural, transportation, and communication centers in Western China. Its economy is diverse, characterized by the machinery, automobile, medicine, food, and information technology industries. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, a hub of Air China and Sichuan Airlines, is one of the 30 busiest airports in the world, and the Chengdu railway station is one of the six biggest in China. Chengdu also hosts many international companies and more than 12 consulates; more than 270 Fortune 500 companies have established branches in Chengdu.[13] Chengdu is the seat of the Western Theatre Command region of the People's Liberation Army.[14] Chengdu will host the FISU Summer World University Games in 2021, an international multi-sport event. It is considered one of the most livable cities in China.[15][16]
Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy.[17] It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
Chengdu is one of the world's top 40 cities by scientific research output.[18] The city is home to the greatest number of universities and research institutes in Southwestern China, notably Sichuan University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics and Southwest Jiaotong University.